In the United States, it is a regular a pest in the southeast and southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. Cécile Desbiez, Hervé Lecoq, in Reference Module in Life Sciences, 2020. Aphis gossypii is a tiny insect, an aphid ("greenfly") in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. In general, cotton aphid is an indirect pest that feeds on the underside of leaves and can produce large amounts of honeydew. Introduction. Interactions where Aphis gossypii is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process) . Several species of aphids are commonly found on citrus. Host Plants: polyphagous, especially cotton and Cucurbits. As phloem feeders, aphids produce large amounts of honeydew. In plants which produce the phytoestrogen coumestrol, such as alfalfa, damage by aphids is … [2], The cotton aphid has a very wide host range with at least 60 host plants being known in Florida and perhaps 700 worldwide. It has a very wide host range with at least 700 host plants being known world-wide. Homoptera: Sternorhyncha. Virus sources are generally neighboring infected crops, but for PRSV-W several wild cucurbits (Melothria pendula, Momordica sp.) In the United States, it is regularly a pest in the southeast and southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. Winged aphids may travel long distances and introduce viruses into new areas. In the southeastern United States, frequent rainfall in the fall limits the accumulation of honeydew except in dry years. TIBOR FEHÉR, in Genetic Improvement of Vegetable Crops, 1993. [2] Common names include cotton aphid, melon aphid and melon and cotton aphid. Abstract. It is proposed that Vip1A binds to a 50-kDa protein located in the cell surface of the aphid midgut and induces the translocation of Vip2A across the membrane. It thrives outdoors in southern Europe but survives only under glass in northern Europe. [4], In the southern half of the US, as far north as Arkansas, sexual reproduction of the cotton aphid is not important. [1] One which shows promise as a biocontrol agent is Aphelinus asychis. In Canada, it is widespread in the eastern portion of the country, extending at least as far west as Manitoba; frequent injury is limited to southern Ontario and Quebec. We examined the effect of fertilization on population growth and within-plant distribution of melon or cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, on potted chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzvelev). [1] As autumn approaches, the winged forms migrate back to the primary hosts. Common name(s) Cotton aphid, melon aphid. Aphids are distributed worldwide, but are most common in temperate zones. Indeed, aphids were shown to be able to acquire and transmit efficiently PRSV-W from commercial infected melon fruits. Parthenogenesis on these hosts allows large populations of aphids to build up quickly. The Vip1/Vip2 binary toxins, of 100 kDa and 52 kDa, respectively, act together to kill insect pests such as the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera [38]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. During heavy infestations, plant vigor is greatly reduced. It is common in North and South America, Central Asia, Africa, Australia,[3] Brazil, East Indies, Mexico and Hawaii and in most of Europe. It thrives outdoors in southern Europe but survives only under glass in northern Europe. and D. undecimpunctata howardi Barber) were developed as a source of breeding.6 Dwarf habit, entire leaf, fruit shape and seed size are the attributes associated with resistance. The mean threshold for developmentis estimated at 6.2ºC; generational time is 4.5 days at the optimal temperature of … Crystal structure of Vip2A toxin. The cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a polyphagous species with a worldwide distribution. However PRSV persists only few hours on the stylets: therefore long-distance spread by aphids is limited. A. gossypii has a wide host range, including cotton, cucurbits, and many other legumes. S.P. A. gossypii has a worldwide distribution, although in arctic regions it is mostly confined to glasshouses. Order Homoptera—Aphids, Leaf- and Planthoppers, Psyllids and Whiteflies, Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Cotton, Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests, Citrus spp. Figure 30.5. OCT/1991 . However, there is evidence that on a global scale the name A. gossypii is being applied to a number of forms with different life cycles and/or host-plant associations. The most important aphid-transmitted virus is sweetpotato feathery mottle virus. Because melon aphid sometimes overwinters in greenhouses, and may be introduced into the field with transplants in the spring, it has potential to be damaging almost anywhere. It is not known where this species originated, but it is now found in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except extreme northern areas. In Europe it reproduces exclusively by asexual reproduction and can produce nearly fifty generations a year under favourable conditions. Reproduction in these pests is largely asexual, and development is rapid, leading to explosive population increases. In the former Soviet Union it is found up to 54°N. It is particularly abundant in the tropics. Because melon aphid sometimes overwinters in greenhouses, and may be introduced into the field with transplants in the spring, it has potential to be damaging almost anywhere. Classification. In addition, aphids transmit the yellow vein mosaic virus in okra.. John L. Capinera, in Handbook of Vegetable Pests, 2001, Melon aphid is widely distributed, and is known from tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northern Canada and northern Asia. However, the accumulation of honeydew in arid regions such as the southwestern United States can result in sticky cotton. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. was controlled by a single recessive gene. Aphis gossypii Glover is a polyphagous aphid pest with a worldwide dis-tribution. [3], Predators include midges, lacewings, syrphid fly larvae, anthocorid bugs and ladybirds (ladybeetles). Noni monocultures favor pest outbreaks; thus, the severity and frequency of pest attacks can be minimized by intercropping with other species of non-host plants. Hence, they reduce the crop yield and reduce its market value. [3] Winged forms then migrate to secondary host species in the families Rosaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Compositae and others. management strategy. The juvenile forms are almost always yellowish in color. Aphis gossypii (Glover) is distributed worldwide and causes substantial economic and ecological problems owing to its rapid reproduction and high pesticide resistance. pp. [1] The nymphs vary in colour, being shades of green, tan and gray. (Hemipt. Its direct damage is much less important than its role in transmitting virus diseases. The legs are yellow, as are the antennae which are three quarters of the length of the body. Distribution. The apices of the femora, tibia and tarsi are black. Worldwide: cosmopolitan, everywhere host plantsare grown. Distribution map of specimen collection localities or observation records for this species in our collections database. Wraight, ... M. Faria, in Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests, 2017. Resistance to red pumpkin beetle (Af) was dominant to susceptibility.102, M. El-Otmani, ... L. Zacarías, in Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Açai to Citrus, 2011. The control of aphids is not an easy task, as they have multiple hosts besides citrus. It is a widely distributed pest of a variety of agricultural crops in the families Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae and Malvaceae. It is relatively insensitive to the Khamsinwinds prevalent during spring in the Middle East and may be dispersed by them. The Aphis gossypii is a very polyphagous Afide with an adult measuring approximately 2 mm in length and with a very variable color, from greenish to dark grayish. [1], It is not known where this species originated, but it is now found in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except extreme northern areas. [5], Resistance to carbamates and organophosphates has been traced to two variant acetylcholinesterase genes in A. gossypii, MACEA and MACEB. A study on the distribution pattern of Aphis gossypii Glover and its coccinellid predator, Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius, was conducted in a chilli ecosystem at the experimental field of Universiti Putra Malaysia. The Vip2A attaches a ADP-ribose moiety to a monomeric G-actin, affecting its polymerization and the integrity of the cytoskeleton [39]. Melon aphid is widely distributed, and is known from tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northern Canada and northern Asia. There is no report of PRSV-P or -W seed transmission. Only resistance against fruit fly (Decus cucurbitae Coll. A. gossypii has a worldwide distribution, although in arctic regions it is mostly confined to glasshouses. It is important to use appropriate rootstocks that ensure a certain tolerance or resistance of the variety/rootstock combination. This disease causes the death of infected trees. USSR), Austria, Azores, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excl. Small to medium sized aphids. Due to their specific activity against D. virgifera, this binary toxin was cloned into corn plants. Melon aphid occurs in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northernmost areas. In general, cotton aphid populations are maintained below treatable levels by the actions of natural enemies unless sprays targeting other pests have been made that disrupt the natural enemy complex (Weathersbee and Hardee, 1994). The total number of apterous aphid per plant stratum was significantly different among plant strata of a particular variety (treatment) as well as among the treatments. However, the expression of these toxins severely affected the plant development, killing the plant [41]. Idris, A.B. Aphids, particularly Aphis gossypii and others (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are soft-bodied insects, 1–2 mm long, yellowish green to black, with or without wings. Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877: UKSI Synonym Source; Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 synonym: UKSI Classification unranked Biota kingdom Animalia phylum Arthropoda subphylum Hexapoda class Insecta order Hemiptera family Aphididae genus Aphis species Aphis gossypii. 464 pages. The winged female has a fusiform body. It is distributed almost worldwide, and is particularly abundant in the tropics. The average number of beetles on resistant and susceptible plants varied between 0 and 2.75. The oval eggs are yellow when first laid but soon turn glossy black. Aphis gossypii does not have a sexual phase in the tropics, nor in most of Europe. Life Cycle: Aphis gossypiiis viviparousthroughout the year. They damage sweetpotato plants by sucking sap from growing shoots causing wrinkling, cupping, and downward curling of young leaves. This sap-sucking insect affects plants via direct feeding and indirectly via plant viral disease transmission (more than 50 plant pathogenic viruses known). As melon aphid occasionally overwinters in greenhouses, and may be introduced into the field with transplants in the spring, it has potential to be damaging almost anywhere. Morphometric variation of A. gossypii … Its origin is in Europe. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128143834000116, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780121588618500090, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128035276000123, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128143834000098, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080408262500254, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781845697341500212, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090904500044, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128096338212417, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128001882000306, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128035276000160, Food Crop Production by Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa. : orange, mandarin, tangerine, clementine, grapefruit, pomelo, lemon and lime, Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Açai to Citrus, Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Mangosteen to White Sapote, Mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins and their use in the control of insect pests, The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins (Fourth Edition), Microbial Control of Mite and Insect Pests of Greenhouse Crops. Here, both males and sexual females are produced, mating takes place and the females lay eggs which overwinter, ready to repeat the life cycle the following year. The vertical and temporal distribution of an aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, and the coccinellid populations on six chilli varieties were studied. Introduction to Aphis gossypii: scientific and common names, protected status (red lists, regulations), biological status in France, historical and contemporary. The study had revealed that distribution of M.sexmaculatus positively correlated with its prey distribution. USSR), Afghanistan, Bonin Islands, Burma, Ceylon, China, Cyprus, Gaza, Strip, Hong Kong, … Attitude and biological cycle – By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Vector of crinkle, mosaic, rosette and other virus diseases. Aphis gossypii Glover. Alejandra Bravo, ... Mario Soberón, in The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins (Fourth Edition), 2015. The main impact of these insects is that they transmit viral diseases as they feed and move from sweetpotato plant to plant in the field. The objective of this research was to test the stability of population pattern of Aphis gossypii in time and space, through the parameters of the law of Taylor, Iwao and Nachman. Variable watermelon populations resistant to cucumber beetle (D. balteata Lec. The Vip1A forms sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–resistant and heat-sensitive oligomeric structures in solution [40]. [5], "Influence of abiotic factors on some biological and ecological characteristics of the aphid parasitoid, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aphis_gossypii&oldid=997517464, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 22:27. [4] Further north, the cotton aphid can be holocyclic and involve two host species, with a broadleaved tree such as Catalpa, Rhamnus or Hibiscus acting as the primary host. (See color figure 158. PRSV is acquired and transmitted during very short probes, what makes its spread within a field generally rapid. It is a major pest of cotton and cucurbits. It is cosmopolitan in habitat. Economic damage due to A. gossypii is by direct feeding, the excretion of honeydew and virus transmission. were shown efficient virus sources in tropical and sub-tropical regions. ), cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata Lec. Pesticides such as Abamectin and Acetamiprid are applied on trees to control the pest. In the United States, it is regularly a pest in the southeast and southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. sexmaculatus positively correlated with its prey distribution. There is considerable debate about the pest status of cotton aphid and its impact on cotton yields. The aphids are a vector of crinkle, mosaic, rosette, CTV and other virus diseases. [4], The adults and nymphs of the cotton aphid feed on the underside of leaves or on the growing tips of shoots, sucking juices from the plant. One of the major pests of Cucurbitaceae is the cucumber aphid, Aphis gossypii Clov., syn. In the tropics Aphis gossypii is a major pest of cotton. However, populations do not usually reach treatable levels until later in the growing season, following insecticide applications for other pests (Johnson et al., 1996). This interferes with harvest and reduces lint quality. The foliage may become chlorotic and die prematurely. Distribution. A. gossypii is extremely polyphagous and very damaging to many economically important crops, including cotton, aubergine, citrus, coffee, melon, okra, peppers, potato, squash and sesame. There is often a great deal of leaf curling and distortion which hinders efficient photosynthesis. According to Janick and Paul (2008) the most severe damage in Hawaii is associated with whiteflies, whereas in Micronesia the most problematic species is the leaf miner. The cylindrical black siphunculi are wide at the base and one fifth of the body length. Plant-derived cucurbitacin B (CucB) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) … It is common in North and South America, Central Asia, Africa, Australia, Brazil, East Indies, Mexico and Hawaii and in most of Europe. The most dangerous are Aphis gossypii Glover and Toxoptera citricidus Kirk. In continuing your browsing of this site, you accept the use of cookies to offer you suitable content and services and realize visits statistics. Cotton aphids feeding on cotton plants, for example, increase the number of foraging ants on cotton plants 15-fold which, in turn, results in a 2.5-fold decrease in defoliation by caterpillars and a 16% decrease in fruit (boll) damage by caterpillars and stinkbugs. The body appears dull because it is dusted with wax secretions. The study had revealed that distribution of M . ), and the genetic background of red pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas) are known. A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including Enumeration of the Species and Notes on Their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, Parasites, etc. Aphis gossypii is a tiny insect or greenfly in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera.It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. The population abundance and spatial distribution of the aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its predator coccinellids (adult) on chilli var. [1] In Russia various wild plants are hosts to the overwintering eggs. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of Vip2A (PDB 1QS1) is similar to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)–dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase of other bacterial toxins, such as Iota toxin from C. perfringens and C2 toxin from C. botulinum (Figure 30.5). The life span of a parthenogenic female is about twenty days in which time it can produce up to 85 nymphs. The aphids' impact is especially important on vegetable crops such as courgette, melon, cucumber, aubergine and strawberry and on cotton, citrus and mallow. The cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii), which are about 1–1.5 mm long, constitute the major pest of okra in Southern Africa. The zymogenized form of Vip2 interfered with its enzymatic function. Several members of the Aphidiinae and Aphelinidae wasp families are parasitoids of aphids. PRSV is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by more than 24 aphid species among which Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae and A. craccivora are the most efficient. [3], The wingless female cotton aphid has an ovoid body about two millimetres long in varying shades of green. These oligomers insert into the membrane, forming pores with high conductance in the black lipid bilayer [40]. ... Cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) often infect sugarcane, papaya and peanuts with viruses. In the United States, it is a regular a pest in the southeast and southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. Initial infestations of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, occur between the seedling and early reproductive stages of cotton (Slosser et al., 1989). It was proposed that it could block the active site or the NAD-binding site. A new distribution map is provided for Aphis gossypii Glover (Doralis frangulae[Aphis frangulae] Kalt., Cerosipha gossypii[Aphis gossypii] (Glov.)) In general, insect damage may be more severe in locations that are dry or have low rainfall. Pest outbreaks can also be prevented by the elimination of weeds that favor pests development and mites can be reduced by pruning affected leaves. Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a destructive pest of numerous crops worldwide. [1] Population growth rates and within-plant distributions of Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were studied on potted chrysanthemums, Dendranthema Grandiflora Tzvelev.

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